济贫是一个很复杂的议题。
我今天介绍的，
是『COR基督徒圣经世界观』整理出来的圣经对济助贫困者的教导。
这部份教导，主要是COR主题八『帮助受苦者』和主题五『经济』。
由于全部条文非常多，而且涉及许多领域，
所以我只撷取比较相关的部分条文。
开始条文之前，我先整理出一些重要观念：
1. 济贫不能只济助『物质』，还必须包括『心灵』。
2. 济贫不能只济助物质，还必须包括：
a.使对方改正错误观念与行为
b.使对方信耶稣
3. 任何济贫，假使不包含『改正对方错误观念与行为』还有『传福音』的话，
都不可能产生真正长久的脱贫。
4. 因为，许多的贫困，是因为贫困者受不合圣经的观念和行为的影响，
所以，济贫一定要处理对方的信仰、观念和行为。
5. 观念的改正不是只带对方信耶稣，或是对方是基督徒就可以，
也不能只是灵修、祷告之类，还必须教导对方正确的观念，如：
自律的习惯、计划、工作、合作、自由交换、节俭、、、。
6. 懒惰的贫困者没有资格要求别人济助，他们也不应继续停留在懒惰状态。
7. 不能使受助者产生依赖，不管是对个人的依赖，还是对教会、机构的依赖。
8. 有些人的贫困是『故意的』（出于自己意愿的）（好比：懒惰、吸毒、反抗权威、缺乏纪律、缺乏自我控制、、、）
9. 『无辜的』贫困者需要被实质帮助（好比：懒惰丈夫下的可怜妻子和孩子）
10. 济贫必须是出于捐献者自愿，不能是被强迫或被操纵。
强迫或操纵别人，要别人去济贫的，是窃盗和诈欺。
COR基督徒圣经世界观（八）：帮助受苦者
前言
许多人受苦，是因为他们用自己有罪的选择，决定不服从并拒绝上帝和祂的命令，所导致的结果。他们罪恶的选择，对他们的整个生命产生了深远的伤害性影响。、、、贫穷甚至可能来自对权威的反叛、懒惰、缺乏纪律和自我控制、或无知。
Many suffer as a result of their own sinful choices in disobedience to and rejection of God and His commands. Their sinful choices have far-reaching, hurtful effects on the whole of their lives. 、、、Poverty can even result from rebellion against authority, sloth, lack of discipline and self control, or ignorance.
但是其他人在没有直接造成他们苦难的原因的情况下受苦。他们是外部力量的受害者，如出生缺陷、事故、疾病或突发性灾难（洪水、地震、火灾、干旱等）。 有些人因家人或心爱之人的死亡而受苦。其他人则是人类暴力的受害者：或是政治暴政、战争和文化偏见这类『制度形式』的受害者；或是犯罪、家庭暴力或个人暴力、或“祖先的罪”这类『个人形式』的受害者。
But others suffer without contributing directly to the causes of their suffering. They are victims of outside forces like birth defects, accidents, diseases, or sudden catastrophies (flood, earthquake, fire, drought, etc.). Some suffer with the death of a family member or loved one. Others are victims of human violence either in its institutional forms of governmental tyranny, war, and cultural prejudice, or in its individual forms of crime, domestic and personal violence, or the “sins of the fathers.”
每一个帮助行为背后的驱使动机和主要目标，必须是服从和荣耀上帝、带领罪人获得基督拯救的知识、并使每一个信徒成为基督里成熟的人。
The driving motives and primary goals behind every helping act must be to obey and glorify God, to bring sinners to a saving knowledge of Christ, and to present every believer a mature person in Christ.
我们的目标是帮助受苦者能够帮助他人，而不是藉著使我们自己成为不可或缺的方式来建立我们的自负。我们的任务是谦卑和顺从地帮助其他人发挥出他们能帮助受苦者的潜力。我们绝不能寻求『使依赖永久化』并『损害我们“帮助”的人的尊严』的短期解决方案。根据帕金斯的论点，为了纠正经济上的不公正，我们必须追求发展----使人透过福音的力量实现『自给自足』的能力。饥荒和战争的受害者取决于我们的救济努力，我们也绝不敢忽视他们的需要。但更大的需要是发展来『打破贫困的循环』，以便今天的接受者能『成为明天的给予者』。
Our goal is to help the hurting to become able to help others, not to build our own egos by making ourselves indispensable. Our task is humbly and obediently to help others reach their potential of helping the hurting. We must not seek short term solutions that perpetuate dependence and damage the dignity of those we “help“. According to Perkins, to correct economic injustice, we must pursue development, empowering people to become self-sufficient through the power of the gospel. Victims of famine and war depend on our relief efforts, and we dare not neglect their needs. But the greater need is for development to break the cycle of poverty, so that today’s receivers become tomorrow’s givers.
这种策略应该延伸到许多受苦的领域。 圣经教导说，给予比接受更为有福; 因此，我们需要激励和装备他人能给予，使他们也可以获得上帝的祝福。
This strategy should extend to many areas of hurt. The Bible teaches that it is more blessed to give than to receive; therefore we need to motivate and equip others to give so that they too may reap God’s blessing.
第2条
我们否认，任何对受苦者的援助都能产生长期性的、积极改变的影响，如果单单只是减轻或消除症状的话。
We deny that any aid to the hurting will effect long term, positive change if only the symptoms are alleviated or eliminated.
第5条
我们确认有些人受苦，是受到个人选择的直接影响，从而收获自己行为的后果。
We affirm that some people suffer as a direct result of personal choice, reaping the consequences of their own actions.
第6条
我们确认所有的非基督徒在灵性上、情绪上、也常常在身体上遭受痛苦，因为他们不认识或顺从上帝；我们确认他们需要接受耶稣基督作为救主和主，以至于能在这里和现在享受圣灵的果子，并逃避永恒的痛苦；并且基督徒必须对他们传扬救恩的福音。
We affirm that all non-Christians suffer spiritually, emotionally, and often physically because they do not know or obey God; that they need to accept Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord to enjoy the fruit of the Spirit here and now and to escape eternal suffering; and that Christians must minister the gospel of salvation to them.
第8条
我们确认上帝期待所有基督徒都能对那些受苦的人表现出爱心和同情，无论这些受苦者是『无辜的受害者』，还是『个人选择的结果』。
We affirm that God expects all Christians to respond with love and compassion to those who are hurting, whether as innocent victims or as a result of personal choice.
我们否认向有需要的人展现同情是一种选择；也否认在某人生活中去对抗罪恶的需要，使我们不用去爱他和帮助他。
We deny that compassion shown to those in need is an option, and that the need to confront sin in someone’s life frees us from the need to love and help him.
注：
『无辜的受害者』是指如出生缺陷、事故、疾病或突发性灾难（洪水、地震、火灾、干旱等）、战争、家暴、、这类。
第9条
我们确认『满足受苦者的需求』，是『传福音』和『使万民成为门徒』这种耶稣基督大使命不可分割的一部分。
We affirm that meeting the needs of those who are hurting is an integral part of Christ’s commission to preach the gospel and to make disciples of all nations.
我们否认福音可以用一种对现世的需求漠不关心的态度来传讲。
We deny that the gospel can be preached with indifference to temporal needs.
第11条
我们确认对受苦者的帮助，必须肯定每个人的价值和尊严；必须在社会和自然环境的背景下，针对身、心、灵对待整个人（全人）；我们必须恭敬地帮助对方来培养能力和技能，教导受苦者去帮助其他人。
We affirm that help for the hurting must affirm the value and dignity of each person; that it must address the whole person in body, soul, and spirit in the context of a social and natural environment; that we must respectfully help to develop abilities and skills, teaching the hurting to help others.
我们否认任何对受苦者的帮助都会有长期的、积极改变的影响，如果它贬低个人价值、在帮助过程中无法涉及全人（即身、心、灵）、或增加受苦者对其他人或机构不合圣经的依赖。
We deny that any help given to the suffering will effect long term, positive change if it devalues the individual, fails to involve the whole person in the helping process, or increases unbiblical dependence on other persons or institutions.
第12条
我们确认只有按照圣经原则运作的计划，才能解决受苦的根本原因，并在帮助过程中涉及全人（即身、心、灵），从而产生长期的、积极改变的影响；因此，教会的设计和装备都是独特的，是帮助受苦者最有效的机构。
We affirm that only programs operating on Biblical principles are capable of addressing the root cause of suffering and involving the whole person in the helping process, thereby effecting long term, positive change, and that the Church, therefore, is uniquely designed and equipped to be the most effective institution for helping the hurting.
我们否认任何非基督教或世俗的计划都能充分解决苦难的根本问题，（苦难涉及全人，包括现世和灵魂），因此，我们也否认任何此类的计划都可以在解决苦难时，达成长期的、积极的改变。
We deny that any non-Christian or secular program can adequately address the root problems of suffering, involving the whole temporal and spiritual person, and, therefore, that any such programs can achieve long term, positive change from suffering.
第13条
我们确认基督徒、教会和基督教机构应该----在不违反圣经原则的情况下可以这样做-----与现有的政府机构、企业和当地社会外展机构合作并对其进行影响，以帮助受苦者；
We affirm that Christians, churches, and Christian organizations should—when they may do so without compromising Biblical principles—work with and influence existing governmental agencies, businesses, and local social outreach institutions to help the hurting,
我们否认基督徒与良好的政府和世俗计划合作，来帮助那些有需要的人，是错误的；我们也否认这样做，来成为一种基督徒爱与关怀的见证，以及分享福音的机会，是不恰当的。
We deny that it is wrong for Christians to cooperate with good governmental and secular programs that help those in need, and that it is inappropriate to do so as a Christian witness of love and concern and as an opportunity to share the gospel.
第17条
我们确认有些人遭受故意性的贫困；他们需要在教育上、灵性上和文化上受到挑战，以使他们更加负责任和勤奋，以便他们的孩子和孙子不会重复他们邋遢的生活方式；我们确认虽然教会不应宽恕或承保懒惰，但它应该为他人懒惰所导致的受害者提供实质性的帮助，例如懒惰的家庭的头（如：丈夫）的孩子或妻子。
We affirm that there are those who suffer from willful poverty; that they need to be challenged educationally, spiritually, and culturally to be more responsible and industrious so that their children and grandchildren will not repeat their slovenly lifestyle; and that while the Church should not condone or underwrite sloth it should provide substantial help to victims of others’ sloth, such as children or wives of lazy heads of households.
我们否认任何人，特别是那些遭受故意贫困的人，都应该透过强行从别人那里获取来的钱财来提供帮助。
We deny that anyone, but especially those suffering willful poverty, should be provided for by forcibly taking money from others.
COR基督徒圣经世界观（五）：经济
第30条
我们确认上帝已在生活的经济领域中规定了责任的命令；有能力的人首要的责任就是照顾自己；拒绝工作的人不应该期望被别人养；家庭有责任去照顾那些无法照顾自己的成员；教会和其他志愿组织有责任照顾那些在没有家人照顾的情况下无法照顾自己的人；（提前5章；林后8-10章；帖前3章）。
We affirm that God has ordained orders of responsibility in the economic spheres of life; that able individuals have first responsibility to care for themselves; that whoever refuses to work ought not to expect to be fed by others; that families have responsibility to care for those members unable to care for themselves; that the Church and other voluntary organizations have responsibility to care for those unable to care for themselves when no care is available from their families; (1 Timothy 5; 2 Corinthians 8-10; 1 Thessalonians 3).
我们否认任何有能力但拒绝工作的人，有合理的权利来要求得到其他人的援助；我们否认那些没有能力工作的人，他们的家庭（如果有必要，由教会或其他志愿组织）不应该满足这些人的需要；我们否认家庭成员只履行他们对上帝的责任，却拒绝尽最大努力去满足他们家庭的需要；
We deny that anyone who is able but refuses to work has a just claim to be supported by others; that those unable to work ought not to have their needs met by their families and, if necessary, by the Church or other voluntary organizations; that family members fulfill their responsibilities toward God who refuse to provide to the best of their abilities for the needs of their family;
第31条
我们确认教会在照顾穷人方面的首要责任是针对基督身体的成员，并且它的第二个责任是针对基督身体以外的人（加拉太6:10）。
We affirm that the first responsibility of the Church in caring for the poor is to members of the Body of Christ, and that its second responsibility is to those outside the Body of Christ (Galatians 6:10).
我们否认教会在基督身体内照顾穷人的责任，取代了使信徒成为门徒的责任；我们也否认在基督身体外照顾穷人的责任，取代了传福音的责任。
We deny that the Church’s responsibility to care for the poor inside the Body of Christ displaces its responsibility to make disciples of believers, and that its responsibility to care for the poor outside the Body of Christ displaces its responsibility to preach the gospel.
第36条
我们确认慈善、牺牲的给予（捐献）是上帝所吩咐的，做为一种帮助穷人的爱的表达；要做到真正的慈善，给予（捐献）必须是自愿的，并且与一个人所有的一致，而不是与一个人没有的一致；强迫或操纵的「给予」，一点也不是给予，而是强迫或操纵这些行为的人的窃盗和诈欺，因此这是违背正义和爱心的；慈善捐赠应该经过精心策划和执行，以便为受助人带来最大的利益；对穷人的物质救济应该始终伴随著属灵的事工（林后8,9章）。
We affirm that charitable, sacrificial giving is commanded by God as an expression of love to help the poor; that to be truly charitable, giving must be voluntary and consistent with what one has, not with what one does not have; that coerced or manipulated “giving” is not giving at all but theft or fraud by those coercing or manipulating it, and is therefore contrary to justice and love; that charitable giving ought to be carefully planned and executed to bring about the best benefit to its recipients; and that material relief to the poor ought always to be accompanied by spiritual ministry (2 Corinthians 8, 9).
我们否认真正的慈善捐献可以被迫，、、、；我们否认慈善捐献应以『拒绝或阻止接受者的个人责任』或『减少发展生产性知识和行为』的方式进行；我们也否认没有属灵事工的物质救济的慈善捐献，能真正满足穷人的需要。
We deny that truly charitable giving can ever be forced, 、、; that charitable giving ought to be conducted in such a way as to deny or discourage personal accountability on the part of the recipients or to reduce incentive to develop productive knowledge and behavior; and that charitable giving of material relief without spiritual ministry truly meets the needs of the poor.
第37条
我们确认慈善捐献的适当接受者，是那些没有能力提供他们自己基本需求的人（ptochos）。
We affirm that the proper recipients of charitable giving are those who are unable to provide for their own needs (the ptochos).
我们否认那些能够但不愿意去满足他们自己基本需求的人，有任何合乎正义的权利来要求慈善捐献。
We deny that those who are able but unwilling to meet their own needs have any just claim on charitable gifts.
注：圣经定义的『贫穷』（ptochos），是指1.若无慈善捐赠，他们会缺乏维持生命必要的物质资源（食物、衣服、和庇护所），2.也缺乏为自己生产这些物品的手段（ptochos通常也是弱势者或虚弱者，好比贫苦家庭的年幼孩子、残障、老年、急难状况、、，不是好手好脚的青壮年）。若不是穷到这种程度，都不能称为合圣经定义的『穷人』
第38条
我们确认，对其他信徒的慈善责任优先于其他慈善活动，并且在紧急情况下，上帝要求基督徒家庭透过教会奉献超越十分之一，但与其资产成比例，使其他基督徒可以免除大缺乏的处境（林后8:14）。
We affirm that charitable responsibilities to other believers have priority over other charitable activities, and that in emergencies Christian families are asked by God to give through the Church beyond the tithe, but proportionately to their assets, so that other Christians may be relieved of great scarcity (2 Corinthians 8:14).
第39条
我们确认，因为非圣经的世界观、价值观和行为（堕落后的全部影响）是贫困的主要原因，所以克服物质和灵性贫困的主要方法是『传福音』，然后是『门徒训练』来建立『信仰』、『思想』、与符合基督徒世界观、价值观、和信徒间与社会中的『行为』（约书亚1:8；箴言21:5；诗篇92:12）。
We affirm that, because non-Biblical world views, values, and behavior (all effects of the Fall) are the primary causes of poverty, the primary means of overcoming material and spiritual poverty is evangelism followed by discipleship to establish belief, thought, and behavior consistent with the Christian world view, values, and behavior among believers and in society (Joshua 1:8; Proverbs 21:5; Psalm 92:12).
我们否认，不根据基督教福音、世界观、价值观和行为来更新社会，可以实现长期的脱离贫困。
We deny that long-term deliverance from poverty may be achieved apart from renewing society according to the Christian gospel, world view, values, and behavior.
第40条
我们确认真正的门徒训练包括教导基本基督教教义和道德、基督教世界观和价值观、和基督徒的实践；也确认在门徒训练中教导的价值观之一是公义、爱心、和自律的习惯，透过使用恩典的手段（圣经、圣礼、祷告、基督身体的忠告）和物质繁荣的方式（计划、工作、合作、自由交换、节俭、继承等等），可导致物质和灵性的繁荣兴盛。
We affirm that true discipleship includes instruction in basic Christian doctrines and ethics, in the Christian world view and values, and in Christian practice, and that among the values to be taught in discipleship are justice, love, the habits of self-discipline that lead to material and spiritual prosperity through the use of the means of grace (the Word, the sacraments, prayer, the counsel of the Body of Christ), and the means of material prosperity (planning, work, cooperation, free exchange, saving, inheritance, etc.).
我们否认真正的门徒训练仅仅是教导教义、内心虔诚、或基本基督教实践（如祷告、圣经学习、见证和团契），尽管它必须始终包括这些。
We deny that true discipleship is merely teaching doctrine, internal piety, or elementary Christian practices such as prayer, Bible study, witnessing, and fellowship, though it must always include these.
第41条
我们确认经济领域门徒训练的一个关键要素是教导基督徒以弗所书4:28的教训：前异教徒悔改归向基督之后，（a）必须不再偷窃，（b）必须工作，（c）透过他的劳力来做一些有用的事情，以便（d）他可以有东西来和有需要的人分享。
We affirm that a key element of economic discipleship is teaching Christians the lessons of Ephesians 4:28: that the former pagan converted to Christ (a) must steal no longer, but (b) must work, (c) doing something useful through his labor, in order that (d) he may have something to share with those in need.
我们否认任何悔改归向基督的人应该被允许保持懒惰、无所事事和不事生产，或继续生活在怠惰和偷窃的生活中。
We deny that any person converted to Christ should be permitted to remain lazy, idle, and unproductive, or to continue in a life of indolence and thievery.
COR简介（Coalition on Revival ）（复兴联盟）
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